Indian knowledge system [IKS]

 Name Of College : Maharani shree Nandkunverba mahila arts and commerce college

Name : trupti rathod

Year : F.Y.B.A 

Sem : 1st sem 

Subject : English 

Paper Name : Indian knowledge system [ IKS]

Date : 

Professer Name : Rachna Dave Ma'am 


Home Assignment 

Explanation of " Rasasutra" : 

● Introduction :- 

1> What is Rasa ? 

• Relished like the taste of food is Rasa.

• Rasa is the soul of any literature.

- " रसयते अनेन इति रसः "  

• It established by bharatmuni who is the author of ' Natyashastra '. 

• If no Rasa in literature then it become soulless ,[ ' नहि रसद्रिते कश्रिदअर्थ प्रवर्तते ' ].

• No meaning can be rendered in absence of Rasa. 


■ " Rasasutra " 

→ " विभाव, अनुभाव, व्यभिचारीभाव, समयोगद, रसनिष्पति। "

→ Vibhava, Anubhava, Vyabhicaribhava, samyogad, Rasanishpati. 

→ The famous definition of Rasa in the aphoristic form is given in chapter XI of Natyashastra called ' Rasasutra ' .

→ Rasa is the accomplished as a result of the conjunction of vibhava, Anubhava and vyabhicaribhava.


Vibhava has two types :- 

1. Alambana Vibhava

2. Uddipana Vibhava

ー According to Natyashastra there are three types of Bhava given by bharatmuni are as follows :-

1. Sthayibhava (8)

2. Vyabhicaribhava (33)

3. Sattvikbhava (8)


● In detail Explanation of Rasasutra :- 

■ Rasasutra :-

ー " विभाव, अनुभाव, व्यभिचारीभाव, समयोगद रसनिष्पती। 

(1) What is Vibhava ? 

ー Vibhava means causes or circumstances. 

ー There are two types of vibhava are :- 

1. Alambana :-

• Alambana vibhava means a person or persons with reference to whom the emotion is manifested.

2. Uddipana :- 

• Uddipana vibhava means circumstances that have excited the emotions.

(2) What is Anubhava ? 

ー It means bodily expressions by which the emotion is expressed .

(3) What is Vyabhicaribhava ? 

ー Vyabhicaribhava means a series of diverse emotions that feed the dominant emotions .

ー Vyabhicaribhava is called as sancaribhava.


■ Detailed Explanation of Bhavas :- 

ー There are three types of Bhava :- 

1. Sthayibhava (8) 

2. Vyabhicaribhava (33) 

3. Sattvikbhava (8) 


(1) What is Sthayibhava ? 

ー According to bharatmuni sthayibhava are eight (8) in numbers .

ー रतिहासध्र शोकस्य क्राधात्साहा भयं तथा जुगुप्सा विस्मयध्रवृति स्थचिभावा प्रक्रीर्तताः ।।


(2) What is Vyabhicaribhava ? 

ー Vyabhicaribhava are 33 in numbers from which 5 are listed below :-

1. Sanka - Doubt 

2. Alaska- Laziness 

3. Nindra - Sleep

4. Supta / Swapna - Dreaming 

5. Marana - Death 


(3) What is sattvikbhava ? 

ー physical expressions of the feelings of the mind are called sattvikbhava or temperamental state .

ー sattvikbhava are eight (8) in numbers are as follows :-

• sweda 

• stamba 

• kampa 

• Arsu

• vaivaranya

• swarbhed 

• prataya 

ー sattvikbhava are expressed on the stage using sattvik abhinay, body gestures are necessary for their presentation ; without it the real purpose of performance would be lost. 


■ Essay 

● Oral Traditions :-

Oral traditions are a vital part of the Indian Knowledge System (IKS), serving as the oldest method of preserving and transmitting knowledge in India. Long before the invention of writing, Indian wisdom, values, customs, and teachings were passed down orally from generation to generation. These traditions include storytelling, folk songs, chants, proverbs, and epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata.


Oral traditions also reflect India’s diverse cultural heritage, with each region having its own unique style of expression. Even today, they play a key role in keeping local languages and histories alive. Thus, oral traditions are not just a method of communication but a living bridge between the past and present in the Indian Knowledge System.


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