AEC

 Name of college:- maharani shree nandkuvarba mahila arts and commerce college 

Name :- Rathod trupti ashokbhai 

Year :- S.Y.B.A

Sem :- 3

Subject:- English 

Papar name :- English Language and Communication Skills – I

Date:- 

Professor name :- mahir sir 

Home assignment 

👉Role of Active and Passive Voice in Day-to-Day Life

Voice tells us whether the subject does an action or receives an action.

1. Active Voice

In Active Voice, the subject performs the action.

Rule:

Subject + Verb + Object

Examples:

 1. I read a newspaper.

 2. She cooks dinner.

 3. The teacher explains the lesson.

 4. Rahul plays cricket.

 5. My mother cleans the room.

 6. The students complete their homework.

Use in daily life:

Active voice is commonly used when we want to make our communication clear, direct, and simple. 

2. Passive Voice

In Passive Voice, the subject receives the action.

Rule:

Object + helping verb + past participle (V3) + by + Subject

Examples:

 1. A newspaper is read by me.

 2 .Dinner is cooked by her.

 3. The lesson is explained by the teacher.

 4. Cricket is played by Rahul.

 5. The room is cleaned by my mother.

 6. The homework is completed by the students.

Use in daily life:

Passive voice is useful when the action is more important than the person who performs it, especially in notices, instructions, reports, and formal communication. 

👉 Here are sentences prepared according to the rules of Active and Passive Voice.

Active Voice

Rule: Subject + Verb + Object

 1) I read a book.

 2) She writes a letter.

 3) He plays cricket.

 4) They clean the classroom.

 5)  The teacher teaches English.

 6) My mother cooks food.

 7) Rahul opens the door.

 8) The students complete their homework.

 9) We watch a movie. 

 10) The chef prepares the food.

Passive Voice

Rule: Object + Helping Verb + V3 + by + Subject

1) A book is read by me.

2) A letter is written by her.

3) Cricket is played by him.

4) The classroom is cleaned by them.

5) English is taught by the teacher.

6) Food is cooked by my mother.

7) The door is opened by Rahul.

8) Their homework is completed by the students.

9) A movie is watched by us.

10)  The food is prepared by the chef. 

⇉Tense-wise Rules and Examples 

Simple Present

A.V ) She writes a letter.

P.V)  A letter is written by her.

Simple Past

A.V) She wrote a letter.

P.V) A letter was written by her.

Simple Future

A.V)She will write a letter.

P.V)A letter will be written by her.

Present Continuous

A.V)She is writing a letter.

P.V)A letter is being written by her.

Past Continuous

A.V)She was writing a letter.

P.V)A letter was being written by her.

Present Perfect

A.V)She has written a letter.

P.V)A letter has been written by her.

Past Perfect

A.V)She had written a letter.

P.V)A letter had been written by her.

Future Perfect

A.V)She will have written a letter.

P.V)A letter will have been written by her. 

Class Assignment

👉 Role of Personal Pronouns and How They Make Sentences More Effective

Introduction:

Personal pronouns are words used instead of nouns or names. They refer to people, animals, or things. Common personal pronouns are I, we, you, he, she, it, they, me, us, him, her, them.

 👉Role of Personal Pronouns

1. Avoid repetition

Personal pronouns help us avoid repeating the same noun again and again.

০Without pronoun: Riya is a student. Riya studies English. Riya likes poetry.

০With pronoun: Riya is a student. She studies English. She likes poetry.

 2. Make sentences shorter and clearer

Pronouns make communication simple and easy to understand.

০ Rahul went to the market because he needed some books.

 3 Show the person involved

Pronouns tell us who is speaking, being spoken to, or being talked about.

০I am preparing for my exam.

০ You should complete your homework.

০They are playing outside.

 4.  Improve the flow of sentences

Pronouns connect ideas smoothly and make writing less repetitive.

 ০My friends helped me with my project. They gave me useful ideas.

 5. Make communication natural

We use personal pronouns frequently in everyday conversations.

০I am going to college.

 ০We are learning grammar.

 ০She is my classmate.

Examples

I

I like reading books.

We

We are going to college.

You

You should work hard.

He

He plays cricket.

She

She sings beautifully.

It

It is raining today.

They

They are my friends.

    Essay  

Reading Skills: Skimming and Scanning

Introduction

Reading skills are the techniques we use to understand written information quickly and effectively. Two important reading skills are Skimming and Scanning. These skills help us save time and find the information we need.

1. Skimming

Skimming means reading a text quickly to understand its main idea and important points. We do not read every word. We look at the title, headings, first and last sentences, and important keywords.

Uses of Skimming

1 To understand the main idea of an article.

2 To find important points quickly.

3 To decide whether an article is useful or interesting.

4 To save time while reading.

Application of Skimming

Article: Importance of Trees

Trees are very important for life on Earth. They give us oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide from the air. Trees also provide fruits, wood, medicines, and shade. They help to control temperature and prevent soil erosion. Forests are home to many birds and animals. However, cutting down trees is causing serious environmental problems. Therefore, we should plant more trees and protect forests.

Important Points Found by Skimming

 1. Trees are important for life on Earth.

2. They give us oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide.

3. Trees provide fruits, wood, medicines, and shade.

4. They control temperature and prevent soil erosion.

5. Forests provide homes for animals and birds.

6. Cutting down trees causes environmental problems.

7. We should plant and protect more trees.

Main Idea:

Trees are essential for humans, animals, and the environment, so we should protect them.

2. Scanning

Scanning means reading quickly to find a specific piece of information. We do not read the whole passage carefully. Instead, we look for particular words, names, numbers, dates, places, or answers.

Uses of Scanning

 1 To find a particular answer.

 2 To find names, dates, numbers, or places.

 3 To locate specific information in a passage.

 4 To save time during examinations.

 Application of Scanning – Reading Comprehension

Passage:

Riya is a student of English literature. She lives in Ahmedabad with her family. Every morning, she goes to college by bus. Her favourite subject is English grammar. She spends her free time reading books and listening to music. On Sundays, she visits her grandparents.

Questions and Answers

1. What does Riya study?

Answer: Riya studies English literature.

2. Where does Riya live?

Answer: She lives in Ahmedabad.

3. How does she go to college?

Answer: She goes to college by bus.

4. What is her favourite subject?

Answer: Her favourite subject is English grammar.

5. What does she do in her free time?

Answer: She reads books and listens to music.

6. Whom does she visit on Sundays?

Answer: She visits her grandparents.

Difference Between Skimming and Scanning

 Skimming: Finds the main idea.

Scanning: specific information.

Skimming: Gives a general understanding.

Scanning: Gives a particular answer or detail.

Skimming: We read quickly for important points.

Scanning: We search for keywords or facts.

Skimming: Useful for articles and long texts.

Scanning: Useful for questions and factual information 

Conclusion

Skimming and scanning are important reading skills. Skimming helps us understand the overall meaning and important points of a text, while scanning helps us find specific information and answers quickly. Both skills are especially useful for students because they save time and improve reading efficiency.